北京366翻译社
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汉语的“使”字句有多种处理方法,可以将“使”字和后面的实义动词结合起 来译为英语中的及物动词;翻译公司的译者可以采用英语的使役动词make,let,cause来对应翻译;还可以省略“使”字,将其前后的内容用表示因果关系的连接词衔接起来。
一、译为及物动词
“使”字句的结构一般为“使+名词+动词”,“使”字可以不分开译,而是和后面的动词结合起来,译为英语中的及物动词,而名词则作为及物动词的宾语。
例1:外来干涉使这个国家陷入全面内战。
译文:Outside interference plunged the country into an all-out civil war.
例2:吸烟污染空气,损害健康,使肺癌发病率大大增加。
译文:Smoking pollutes the air and harms the health, thus increasing the incidence of lung cancer greatly.
例3 :我们要不断加强在全球性问题上的合作,使中美新型大国关系建立在 更加紧密的共同责任之上。
译文:We need to strengthen cooperation in global issues and build the new model of relationship between China and the United States on greater common responsibilities.

例4:改革开放不但使得中国的经济有了很大的进展,也使中国人在思想上 有了很大的改变。
译文:Reform and opening-up has not only spurred the economic development in China, but also changed the thinking patterns of Chinese people.
此外,“使”字也可以采用bring,put,turn等及物动词翻译。
例1:儒教使中国文化更具宽容性,从而使许多宗教得以进入中国。
译文:Confucianism brought greater tolerance to the Chinese culture, thus bringing many other religions into China.
例2:明朝,农业和手工艺品生产使商品经济得以发展壮大。
译文:During the Ming Dynasty,the development of agriculture and handicraft production brought an expansion to the commodity economy.
例3:民众间的相知与理解会使全面战略伙伴关系更加稳固、更富有活力。
译文:The mutual understanding and appreciation between our peoples will put our comprehensive strategic partnership on a more stable and dynamic footing.
二、译为使役动词
英语中有不少动词可以表示使动含义,除了常见的make和let之外,cause, enable,allow等词都可以表示“使动”意义。
例1:继续深化国有企业改革,使企业在市场公平竞争。
译文:The reform of state-owned enterprises should be deepened to enable them to compete as equals in the market.
例2:快乐的引诱,不仅像电兔子和方糖,使我们忍受了人生,而且仿佛钓钩 上的鱼饵,竟使我们甘心去死。
译文:The lure of happiness is not merely like the electric rabbit or the sugar cube in making us endure life; it is also like bait on a fishhook in that it lets us die willingly.
三、添加逻辑关系词
“使”字的上文和下文往往有因果关系。在一些语境中,如果省译“使”字,并添加体现逻辑关系的词语连接上文和下文,译文会更为通顺、流畅。
例1 :宋朝诗人进一步发展了词,使词的内容更加深刻,形式更加多样。
译文: The poets in the Song Dynasty developed Ci, which was then deeper in content and broader in form.
例2: 一个失眠的晚上,一个有约不来的下午,抑或是一沉闷的听讲,都使 人尝到“永生”的滋味。
译文:After a sleepless night,an afternoon date that never shows or a tedious lecture,one will have a taste of “ eternal life ” ?
如果“使”字的上文和下文都是复杂的句子,根据上下文的因果关系往往可 以采用so that等从属连词连接。
例3:各国应加强经济技术的交流与合作,使经济全球化达到共赢和共存的 目的p
译文:Countries should step up their economic and technical exchanges and cooperation so that all will win and coexist through economic globalization.

四、使用体现原因的短语
“使”字的上下文多具有因果关系,上文的原因内容较少,可采用with引导 的介词短语翻译,或用owing to. . .,due to. .,as a result of. 等体现原因的短语翻译。
例:购物热、观光热使香港成为世界上旅游业发展最快的城市之一。
译文:With the craze for shopping and touring in Hong Kong, the city has become one of the fastest developing tourist destinations in the world.
五、译为动词短语
“使”字前后分别译为名词短语,专业翻译公司的译者可以通过采用体现因果关系的动词短语如 lead to,give rise to,result in 等来连接句子。
例:唐朝经济繁荣,使更多的古典林园在全国各地建造了起来。
译文:The economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty led to the increasing construction of classical gardens across all of China.
六、译为-ing分词短语
由于“使”的下文常常是上文带来的结果,英语的-ing分词短语放在句末能够说明上文的结果,因此,北京翻译公司的译者可以将“使”所引出的结果部分译为英语的-ing分词 短语。
例1 : 一些电脑病毒席卷全球,使电子邮件系统綠痪。
译文:Some computer viruses swept across the world, paralyzing the E-mail systems.
例2:清朝民间艺术进入了茶馆,使茶馆成为广受欢迎的休息和消遣的 场所。
译文:Folk art entered tea shops during the Qing Dynasty, making them popular centers of relaxation and entertainment.
例3 :清朝最终灭亡后,离开故宫的御厨在北京各处开设餐馆,使北京烤鸭 等美味走向了普通大众。
译文:With the eventual fall of the Qing Dynasty,palace chefs who left the Forbidden City set up restaurants around Beijing, bringing Beijing Roast Duck and other delicacies to the common people.
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我单位的人办理EB-2杰出人才引进移民的时候,我在办公室桌子上见过一个翻译文件袋,366 翻译社,里面有美国移民局对翻译资质的要求:Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents. The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.
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